How do I verify if my cardiologist’s surgical recommendation is appropriate?

Appropriate recommendations should:

• Align with current ACC / AHA / STS guidelines
• Include discussion of all alternatives (medical, catheter, surgical)
• Be informed by a Heart Team review of your actual imaging
• Come from a surgeon or center with high volume in your specific procedure

Red flags include being offered only one option without explanation, being told something is urgent without clear evidence, or hearing advice that doesn’t match guideline standards.

That’s where an independent surgical second opinion is invaluable. Having another surgeon review your imaging and discuss your long-term options can confirm whether your plan is truly the best for you.